Bunkers

Investing in a bunker renovation is one of the most exhilarating projects a golf club can endure. The bright color of new sand against the green sod is beautiful. However, replacing or adding sand to old bunkers is not the only step to improve aging bunkers.

The average lifespan of a sand trap is about 8-10 years depending on the environment. Since we are a seasonal club, bunkers can usually go longer between renovations. There are many facets to improving bunker quality before choosing which sand to use. Over the last few seasons we have experimented with various construction methods for the best bunkers for Pinehurst. The various steps include drainage, liners, irrigation, location and then finally selecting the right sand.

High winds and explosive golf shots move sand out of the hazard and deposits it on the outside of the bunker. Over time mounding can occur and it loses the original shape. Each year we inspect sand depths in each trap and add when necessary. Heavy rains can cause washouts that sacrifice the quality and location of sand in the bunker. Washouts contaminate the sand with the native soil and the sand quickly loses the integrity of the original sand.

Bunker liners are have been a recent trend to provide longer lasting bunkers. Our bunkers do not currently have a liner. We have tested a couple of liners over the past few years and have determined the best one for our club moving forward. They prevent contamination from the native soil and maintain the shape of the hazard.

Contamination of finer particles clogs drains and doesn't allow the bunker to drain adequately. Most of our bunkers do have drainage in them, however some are not as effective as they were when installed. 

Almost ever bunker in this climate should have their very own specific irrigation zone. South facing slopes and extreme amounts of sand collected around a bunker is a harsh environment for proper turf health. Many times this can lead to drought stress and thin turf and weedy. 

Location and style is a major topic for any golf course. Our new plan creates a common theme for appearance around the entire course. Ultimately there is a bunker for everyone. Some holes might be more of a challenge than others with regard to bunker design.

Choosing the right sand for your golf course bunkers can be a tall task. There are many factors to research when choosing the best sand. These factors play into drainage and playability.

1. Particle size
2. Penetrometer value (penetration rate when a golf ball hits the sand)
3. Crusting potential
4. Chemical reaction, pH and hardness
5. Infiltration rate
6. Color
7. Overall playing quality

Click here for much more detail from the USGA about choosing the
right sand for your bunkers.